![]() ![]() Always make sure that all GNDs (of the Arduino, peripherals and components) are connected to one another and have a common ground. The GND pins are used to close the electrical circuit and provide a common logic reference level throughout your circuit. In the Arduino Uno pinout, you can find 5 GND pins, which are all interconnected. They provide regulated 5 and 3.3v to power external components according to manufacturer specifications. When powering your circuit through the barrel jack or VIN, the maximum capacity available is determined by the 5 and 3.3 volts regulators on-board the Arduino. Take into consideration that this is also used for powering the MCU, its peripherals, the on-board regulators, and the components connected to it. For instance, powering the circuit using the USB limits you to 500mA. ![]() ![]() The power source you use determines the power you have available for your circuit. There is a polarity protection diode connecting between the positive of the barrel jack to the VIN pin, rated at 1 Ampere.
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